Project-Based vs. Tenant-Based Section 8: Key Differences

The name "Section 8" originally referred to Section 8 of the Housing Act of 1937. Today it encompasses two distinct programs that work very differently: tenant-based vouchers and project-based assistance. Both provide rental subsidies, but the mechanics and implications for tenants are quite different.

Tenant-Based: Housing Choice Vouchers

The Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program is the most familiar form of Section 8. The subsidy follows the tenant — you take your voucher to any qualifying private rental unit, and the PHA pays part of your rent directly to the landlord. You can move, and the voucher moves with you (subject to lease and portability rules).

Project-Based Rental Assistance (PBRA)

In project-based Section 8, the subsidy is attached to a specific unit in a specific building. Owners of these properties have contracts with HUD to provide affordable units to income-eligible tenants. If you leave a project-based unit, the subsidy stays with the apartment — you do not take it with you.

Project-Based Vouchers (PBV)

PHAs can also project-base a portion of their voucher allocation — attaching vouchers to specific units in specific developments. This is distinct from PBRA (which is a HUD-to-owner contract) and represents a hybrid approach.

Find your local housing authority to learn which programs they administer.